Cytomegalovirus in children. Symptoms and treatment of cytomegalovirus in children

What is the difference between congenital and acquired cytalhalovirus infections? What symptoms has this disease and what kind of danger does it present to the health of the child?

The content of the article

Cytomegalovirus - an ubiquitous disease having a viral nature. Signs of the presence of cytomegalovirus infection are known not to everyone, because even in the body, the virus can actually not show and not to have a negative impact on the overall feeling of the kid. External signs of the disease arise, as a rule, in case of failures in the work of the immune system.

Causes of cytomegalovirus in children

Cytomegalovirus is one of the 4 varieties of herpesviruses, which, in addition to ordinary herpes, include infectious mononucleosis and chickenpox.

In the course of the study of this virus, scientists have concluded that most of the population of the globe with the exception of people living in full insulation from the outside world is carriers of the disease. The difference is that some of the people are infected before birth or in childhood, and the rest are already in a fairly adult life period.

In case of primary infection, the cytomegalovirus penetrates the structure of the cell cells of the child and remains there throughout his life, in 80% of cases are long in passive state. The activity of the virus will depend on the lifestyle of a person, starting with children's age
With proper nutrition, good physical form, the absence of stressful situations the virus may not yet exercise himself

Transferred cytomegalovirus infection of the future mother affects the health of the fetus

How is cytomegalovirus transmitted in children?

Infection with this virus comes in contact with the patient. Due to the location of the virus in any kind of virus carrier body secretions: saliva, sputum, blood, sweat, urine, feces, semen, breast milk likely to be infected appears a huge amount
The virus can be transmitted to the baby through the dishes, toys, personal hygiene, dirty hands in kindergartens, schools, hospitals, public transport, house
All cases of infection by contact are acquired type of the disease, which is not considered dangerous for the baby's health

Infection tsitalomegovirusom contact carrier to disease

Cytomegalovirus in infants

Intrauterine infection and virus infection during birth or in the first year of life of sick mother, for example, through breast milk, is a very great danger for the future development, growth and even a child's life.

The greatest threat is for cytomegalovirus:

Unborn babies, that transmission of the virus occurs through the placenta during fetal development
Newborns whose immune system is weak and unstable to combat the disease

Congenital infection carries a high risk of fetal abnormalities formation: malformations of brain development, disorders of the nervous, digestive and cardiovascular systems, can not be disinfected damage, hearing loss, musculoskeletal system.

In congenital form of the disease symptoms of the infection may be noticeable immediately, but after a few months or even years. Symptoms of the virus in infants are similar to symptoms of other infectious diseases:

Seal lymph nodes
Increase tonsils and edema larynx
catarrhal phenomena
Increase size internal bodies
Difficulty respiratory functions
yellowness skin covers and proteins eye
Violation sucking and swallowing reflections
Liquid chair, vomit

Examination of the child's physician for symptoms of CMV infection

Consequences of cytomegalovirus in children

This a type infection is most serious danger v early infant age, so how often flows completely symptomless. Consequences development virus v the body newborn v cases, when infection happened utero or v moment passing across birth path, can be very tragic:

W. 15—20% children with active asymptomatic shape disease across some time after infection occur rashes on the skin, problems sO sides central nervous systems: convulsions, anxiety, violation motor functions, a also are possible changes v building bone fabrics and internal bodies, downgrade masses body
Across several years are possible manifestations late consequences v video delay river and mental development, pathology cordially—vascular systems, lesion eye and auditory apparatus, neuralgia

Cytomegalovirus symptoms in children

As a rule, if the infection occurred not in infant or early childhood (in the period over 1 year), the child's body that has already managed to develop a certain immunity, can easily cope with the disease.

Sometimes the course of the disease also passes without explicit symptoms. In some cases, cythalogelovirus infection shows itself, like ordinary ARVI, herpes or rubella. Then symptoms look like this:

The child becomes sluggish and drowy
There is an increase and sealing of lymph nodes in the neck
Inflammation and swelling of the larynx, signs of angina
The appearance of complaints of muscle and articular pain
Income, chills, fever
Skin rashes and subcutaneous hemorrhages are possible.
There may be violations in the work of the gastrointestinal tract

Complications of primary symptoms of the disease in rare cases are the development of pneumonia, hepatitis, neurological deviations in behavior.

Cytomegalovirus symptoms in children are similar to SNVI signs

Antibodies to cytomegalovirus in a child

V process initial diagnostics diseases v serum blood detected specific antibodies (immunoglobulins) type IgG. and Igm.
Igm. synthesized with moment infection virus. They fixed already v first weeks after infection and miyt persist v blood before Z.—5 months. Availability Igm. v serum blood confirms primary stadium infection and primary stadium disease (presence virus v the body not more Z.—4 months)
Immunoglobulins IgG. start fix v blood on statisy 1—1,5 month after infection. They save v the body on the length further life, what allows immune system cope with increase viral activity
Detection and control per number antibodies helps conduct comprehensive observation per kid v dynamics development disease
Follow mark, what at heavy forms cytomegalovirus infection w. children development antibodies maybe be much slowed down

Conducting blood test on the detection of antibodies to the causative agent of cytomegalovirus

Cytomegalovirus standards in children

Quantity immunoglobulinov to virus determined v process research maximum dilution serum blood, borrow w. child for analysis, at which present positive reaction. Analysis not determines exact number molecules antibodies v blood, but reflect their general activity
For definitions presence virus v the body applied concept diagnostic tutor (degree dilution make up 1:100)
Positive result research, t.e.. exceeding norma presence antibodies v blood, indicates on the development viral infection
Norm counts installed v aspect research blood availability immunoglobin IGM less values 0,5
If it meaning exceeded, analysis on the Cmv—infection w. child is an positive

Analysis on a cytomegalovirus in a child, decoding

If the future mother during pregnancy revealed the presence of an acute form of cytomegalovirus, then in the first week after the birth of the baby, its blood is examined for the presence of antibodies.

When deciphering the results, it is taken into account that the IgG antibody of the life recorded in the first s month of life is not considered a sign of congenital cytomegalovirus infection, but are a consequence of the presence of a disease
Only the presence of IGM antibodies in the blood in the blood in an amount exceeding the norm, indicates the acute stage of the disease and congenital infection

Research results (immunogram)

What if the child was found cytomegalovirus?

How it was noted, study on the availability this virus w. kid held v volume case, if mother transferred active form diseases v period pregnancy. Other reason for destination analysis on the infection (immunoopimen analysis) becomes mixed symptomatics infectious disease w. older child. V such. case held detailed analysis blood on the all kinds infections.

If after the IFA studies, the presence of antibodies to the causative agent of the cytomegalovirus, the attending physician on its basis should, first of all, determine the type of disease - congenital or acquired
The acquired form, as a rule, proceeds asymptomatic, does not represent any danger and risk of complications for the child, so it should not cause panic fear of parents
In the event of a disease manifestation, treatment is carried out by symptoms, depending on the severity of the disease
The main concern of parents in this case should be aimed at strengthening the immunity of the kid. Usually assigned generally eating Complexes - exercise, respiratory gymnastics, water procedures, proper nutrition and reception of vitamins

Water procedures for strengthening the immunity of a child with disease Citamegalovirus

How to treat cytomegalovirus in children?

Medicinal treatment is prescribed only in cases of congenital infection, as well as with a burdened history - severe symptoms of concomitant complications
It should be understood that the complete disposal of herpesvirus infections is impossible, so therapy implies the relief of the activity of the virus and its concomitant manifestations
Treatment should be carried out under the obligatory observation of the attending physician using antibacterial and immunomodulatory therapy
Along with this, antirpetic drugs are prescribed, for example, ganciclovir, cytovens in combination with antiviral, painful and antipyretic drugs