How to properly form bushes of high and low tomatoes in two, three stems, in one stem in a greenhouse and open ground: scheme, tips. When is it better to start forming tomatoes? If the tomatoes are not formed, what will happen?

How to properly form tall, tall and stunted tomatoes.

The content of the article

The article contains recommendations regarding how to properly form tomatoes in a greenhouse.

How much trunks, stems is it better to form tomatoes in a greenhouse and open ground?

Gardeners of the southern latitudes grow, in addition to other common vegetable crops, plants such as tomatoes. A warm climate is ideal for tomatoes: in favorable weather conditions, you can get a generous crop.
With insufficient lighting and low temperatures, which is characteristic of the northern latitudes, tomatoes grow and develop more slowly.

Low varieties of tomatoes

It is better to familiarize yourself with the recommendations for the formation of tomato bushes in a greenhouse in advance. Spring will come very soon and garden and gardening topics will become relevant.

For growing in greenhouses, gardeners advise to dwell on indeterminant varieties and hybrids.

In conditions of greenhouses, many fruits are given by indeterminant varieties and hybrids. Tomato bushes of this group continue growth until the onset of minus temperatures. But such tomato bushes grow not only up, but also grow with the side branches.
Plants have a feature with which gardeners have to constantly fight: shoots are formed on the main barrel. They are commonly called stepson.
One or two stepsons grow from the sheet sinuses for a week.
Overfigure of the bushes can lead to the stepson will form not only in sheet sinuses, but also in the flower brushes, even on the leaves.
The gardener will have to fight for a long time with the appearance of stepsons in order to freely move around the greenhouse. Otherwise, by mid -July, tomatoes will occupy the entire greenhouse space, and by August it will be simply impossible to move around the greenhouse.

How to determine where the stepson is and where is the sheet

A novice gardener can decide that such a “forest” from tomato shoots is certainly a large crop. But tomatoes, with such violent foliage, will lack nutrition, and a short summer will not be enough stepson to develop in full -fledged shoots.
The lack of sunlight, dampness will create real resort conditions for various diseases.
Plants will be forced to direct energy not to ripening of the fruits, but to the increase in greens and a large number of inferior peduncles. But the foliage and flowers of tomatoes are not eaten. Should I enjoy the beauty of the green tops?
Therefore, if your plans do not include breeding during the summer of several generations of Colorado beetles, then the formation of tomato bushes with 1 or 2 trunks is one of the important stages of proper cultivation.

The formation of tomato bushes in a greenhouse is one of the important stages of their rational cultivation

How to grow tomatoes in one stem?

The method most accessible to beginner gardeners is to leave 1 stalk on a tomato plant. This method is used on indeterminant tomatoes: all side branches are removed. After that, only the main barrel remains. Before the onset of August, on a tomato bush manages to ripen 5-6 brushes.

The method of forming a tomato bush in one trunk is recommended to use novice gardeners. The fruits of tomato tomatoes can be obtained throughout the summer.
After the appearance of the 10th or 11th sheet, the flower brush grows, further tomato flowers will appear after 3 sheets.
On a package with tomato seeds, the method of forming the stem is usually indicated. In the absence of such a mark, it is necessarily indicated that the selected variety belongs to the indesterinant group.

On a package with tomato seeds, the method of forming a stem is usually indicated

When do stepsons appear on a tomato plant?

The tops growing on the sides of the main trunk, which is more correct to call stepson, appears after the blossomed first flower brush.
The stepson grows immediately under it. The first on the trunk of the stepson is durable and thick, because experienced gardeners do not tear it off, but pinch it after the appearance of a flower brush.
Pinching is made in such a way that two sheets are left above the brush. This simple, but mandatory manipulation will allow the juice to fully circulate.
Further cultivation, in addition to watering and making top dressing, consists in breaking the stepsons once a week.

Cutting lateral shoots

With the onset of August, it is worth again to pay attention to the formation of a bush of tomatoes:

During this period, it is necessary to pinch the top of the tomatoes.
Flowers and immature fruits are removed, the size of which does not exceed the size of the hazelnut.
If in September the weather is sufficiently warm enough, then tomato plants can not pinch or break small flower brushes.

Formation of tomato bush in 1 stalk

Break or leave the lower leaves?

The foliage from below breaks off if the fruits were completely formed and began to ripen.
Start to break the leaves 1-3 pcs. Once a week it is necessary in the last days of May - in early June.
If you cut off at a time more than 3 leaves, then the plant will have severe stress.
This period unfavorable for a tomato bush will affect growth (its delay will occur), partial loss of the formed fruits is also possible.

Growing tomatoes in one stem

How to form tall bushes of tomatoes in a greenhouse and open ground: schemes, recommendations

Tomato bushes of all species need to carry out stepson. The side shoots just break off.
And only standard species that relate to the determinant group of tomatoes are an exception. The cultivation of standard tomatoes is slightly different from the cultivation of other species of tomato plants. All manipulations are easily and simple.
It is not necessary to remove the lateral shoots of standard tomatoes. The main thing is to form the central barrel and tie the shoots to the support. Standard type tomatoes grow up to 60 cm in height, forming up to 4 fruiting brushes on a strong, powerful stem.

When growing high tomato plants in a greenhouse, it is necessary to form bushes

With tall tomato plants, everything is different: if the bushes are not formed, then the main barrel will quickly grow with side branches with foliage growing on them. The appearance of a large number of colors does not guarantee a high crop, because fruits will not have time to appear from the colors, if you do not form the main stem.

Therefore, when growing tomatoes in a greenhouse, it is necessary to supplement the list of compulsory procedures with the formation of bushes: remove the side branches, remove weak inflorescences.
After the removal of lateral shoots, tomatoes will have enough strength for the development and maturation of a large number of fruits.

Tomates stepson in the greenhouse

Causes of stepson:

The overgrown side branches are cut off in order to prevent excessive growth of the bush and the appearance of lateral flowering shoots and ovaries. The development of excess greens with a tomato bush requires nutrition and energy.
A dense top with flowers is not provided in sufficient numbers with sunlight and air.
To obtain a large number of fruits, it is necessary to form a tomato bush in a timely manner.
This means that you need to cut not just the foliage, but the stepsons of the tomato plant. To distinguish one from the other, they look at where the foliage appears. The stepson begins to grow between the main stem and leaves. It grows above the sheet itself from one from the point. Only the upper escape is removed. The lower sheet is left.

Tomato landing scheme

In tomatoes growing on open ground, two trunks on the plant are left. In tomatoes growing in a polycarbonate greenhouse, one trunk is left. This rule applies to all types of high tomatoes.
The determinant types of tomatoes that are grown in greenhouses are formed in two trunks, and three stems are recommended on tomato plants of open soil.
The formation of a tomato stem according to the recommendations of experienced gardeners suspenses the growth of the plant. This positively affects the development. As a result, the gardener receives a generous crop.

The formation of a tomato stem according to the recommendations of experienced gardeners suspenses the growth of the plant

What is tomato formation?

To obtain a generous harvest, the following procedures must be carried out:

pinch tomatoes
pinch

These simple manipulations are part of a special agricultural technician that contributes to the production of an increased harvest without loss.

In the southern latitudes, tomato bushes for normal development and rapid ripening are obtained in sufficient quantity moisture, light. The temperature regime for plants is also optimal.
The low temperature of the northern regions affects the growth and development of plants: the ripening period increases.
The development of tomatoes is affected by the cold and a high moisture content. Therefore, the task of gardeners of the northern latitudes includes work to accelerate tomato maturation.
Removing stepsons and leaves is one of the manipulations that allow you to get a good harvest in a short period.
In the arsenal of gardeners there are several methods for the formation of bushes of a tomato plant. They choose the desired based on the following criteria: where and under what conditions the tomatoes will be grown: on open ground or in a greenhouse.
The first time the pruning of the stepsons is carried out on 10-12 days after the seedlings are planted. The upper part of the plant is simply torn off.
The procedure is repeated after 10-12 days with the determination of the main barrel and the escape. The top is picked up and stepsons are cut.

How to form tomato bushes

How to form tomato bushes depending on the variety:

Earlys -ripening tomatoes do not break off the branches growing on the sides. Due to the short period of ripening, the plant develops rapidly and tomatoes are formed in a short period. The remaining stepsons develop with a slight amount of nutrients for a small bush in general.
When growing high tomatoes, all the branches growing from the main trunk should be removed. Powering is performed every seven days. Such simple manipulations guarantee a generous crop, and the ripening process is faster.
For medium -sized bushes, the optimal way of forming is three stems. A real bush of three stems is created. Branches and stepsons growing on the sides of the main stem break off.

How to step as properly tomatoes

Formation of a high tomato bush in one barrel allows:

reduce nutrient consumption
only the main barrel and brushes develops with the fruits ripening on them
the roots of the plant work only on the main barrel, and the side branches are removed every 10-12 days

That is why the gardeners who adhere to the recommendations described above, tomatoes generously endow with juicy fruits.

How to form the correctly stunted tomato bushes in a greenhouse and open ground: schemes, recommendations

Low -growing tomato bushes are standard determinant varieties. A distinctive feature of low tomato bushes is the presence of the main shortened and dense stem. The leaves of the plant resemble the crown of trees.
Caring for standard tomatoes is simplicity: you can not break the stepson and pinch the plant. The side branches do not grow. The upper part of the tomato plant over time is overgrown with thick foliage.

In order for the bush to be voluminous, you can stepsy, leaving 3 barrels.

Stamatic tomatoes

How to form tomato bushes in 1 stem: diagram, description

The most common method of forming tomatoes is in one stalk. It is used for greenhouse tomatoes or plants that are grown without additional shelter.

The formation of tomatoes in one stem:

The first time the side branches are pinned 10-12 days after the seedlings are planted. All side leaves break off. After such a formation, flowers and tomatoes will grow on the main stem.
In the last days of August, when many fruits are formed on the bush, the top breaks off. This will accelerate the process of ripening tomatoes.
Experienced summer residents are so carrying out pinching and stepson of tomato bushes in the beds: many fruits are formed on one trunk, and foliage does not grow on the sides on the stem.

How to form super -determinant varieties of tomatoes

How to form tomato bushes in 2 stems correctly: diagram, description

The method of forming tomato bushes in two trunks can be used for varieties that are not very stretched in height.
These are determinant varieties. A small amount of flower brushes is formed at the top of each plant.
To obtain a generous harvest, it is necessary to form a tomato plant so that several trunks are left. After that, a flower brush will grow at each top of the bush and tomatoes ripen.

The formation of tomato bushes in 2 stems:

The shoots do not break off until two sheets appear nearby. The stepson is removed with the side branches.
A decent number of twigs and two trunks remain on the trunk. This method is used on open soil plants.

Advantages of forming tomatoes in two stems:

The crop maturation period is reduced
The number of fruits increases

Methods for forming tomato bushes in 2 and 3 trunks

Methods for forming tomato bushes in 2, in 3 trunks

How to form tomato bushes in 3 stems: diagram, description

How to form a tomato bush in three stems?

The side branches are cut after 10-12 days. On the trunk after every two branches that grow from the sides, the third is removed.
Three trunks are formed on which brushes with tomatoes are formed. The bush remains magnificent.

Dubrava tomatoes, cherry, bull heart - how best to form a bush: features, schemes, recommendations

Some tomatoes belong to early adhesive. For example, an oak tree: the fruits ripen in a short period, because the method of forming a plant in two or three stems is optimal.
Stamatic and early -ripening varieties of tomato plants can not be pinned or stepson.
If many tomatoes are formed on the brushes, then they will ripen without additional manipulations on the formation of the bush. The oak tree variety is suitable for those gardeners who do not have the experience of stepson or pinching of plants.

Tomati cherry

How to pinch the tops of tomatoes correctly, stepson: tips

The top is pinned in the morning hours of a sunny day.
The cut place is best treated with potassium permanganate.
The procedure is repeated after 10-12 days.

What will happen if the tomatoes are not formed?

To obtain a decent result, it is necessary to organize proper care for tomatoes. Otherwise, tomato plants in the absence of sufficient heat and light will simply not have time to mature to such a state so that the gardener is also good quality fruits.

Unfortunately, even experienced gardeners do not know methods that help to form the right tomato bushes. According to most gardeners, the main stage is planting, and the number of fruits obtained will depend on top dressing, sunlight and water that the plant got.
However, observing the instructions for the formation of tomato bushes in greenhouse conditions or on open ground, the cultivation process will be more rational, tomatoes are thanking a generous harvest and a neat look.